| 词汇 | example_english_externality |
| 释义 | Examples of externalityThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. As industrial production has fallen so have associated negative externalities, leading to reductions in air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Also, research work on appropriate mechanisms for internalization of various externalities tends to focus on internalization design at an aggregate production level. Adding externalities, or other realistic features of the natural capital aggregate, would presumptively complicate the system's dynamics. However, it represents a more realistic scenario for providing correlated local and global environmental externalities from the local perspective. Economically, they are the solutions of a problem for a global planner who wants to provide both global and local stock externalities efficiently. Production of the externality, in turn, is influenced by wage employment opportunities downstream. The impact ranges of environmental stock externalities can be either local or global and the dissipation rates of these stock externalities vary dramatically. Our paper addresses the question of how the pension formula has to be adapted in order to incorporate the externalities in some sense of optimality. These systems have diversity in time because producers must manage externalities that change. Examples of externalities include negative environmental effects such as pollution and the unsustainable depletion of natural resources. Along alternative paths, externality avoidance generates a self-reinforcing incentive that pulls labour away from the externality-producing activity. The sub-game perfect equilibrium extraction paths (and payoffs) of the closed-loop solution incorporate both the stock and strategic externality. Along one set of paths, externalities reinforce incentives to engage in externality-producing activities. The model demonstrates how, in the presence of externalities and feedbacks, payments to upland workers could produce income gains for both upland and lowland households. A simulation is used to study the impact of environmental payments to upland households in exchange for allocating labour away from the externality-producing activity. There are no public goods or externalities, aside from the inefficiencies due to open access. The magnitude of the economy's response increases with the size of the externality. If intertemporal externalities strongly affect future production possibilities and the externalities depreciate quickly, short-term monetary shocks can have long-term real effects. However, whether they are sufficient to offset free-riding effects in global externality provisions is not clear from efficiency conditions (10) and (11). Additionally, improved resource management should reduce erosion and limit the off-farm negative externalities. Externality is the operative principle behind such indications for intervention. The second set comprises those variables that may affect the internalization of biomass externality. For a local jurisdiction which does not follow rule (12), distortions with respect to providing local and global externalities are even larger. This degradation of the ecosystem and loss in ecosystem services create a second type of technological externality. The future prospect of surplus power coupled with subsidized power prices would aggravate the process of environmental degradation and the resulting externalities. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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