| 词汇 | example_english_expedition |
| 释义 | Examples of expeditionThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Each of the expeditions had one or more biologist, geologist, meteorologist, and physicist to carry out scientific programs. Table 1 provides an overview of knowledge flows from the expeditions that were used in the analysis. Table 2 shows the total of 40 taxa collected by the two expeditions. There is virtually no permanent climatic weather station above 3500 m and short-term measurements made during expeditions are also rare. Usually these expeditions operate a long distance away from the base camp, aiming at the procurement of specific resources in specific contexts. The various thug gangs invariably crossed passes during expeditions, which suggests that they were well acquainted with the routes being used within the thug network. Furthermore, if either coastal or inland peoples undertook military expeditions against them, coastal forests were used for refuge. The strengths of the work are the biographies of the explorers, how the expeditions were outfitted and other basic, factual information. We have asked our government to dispatch punitive expeditions. The surviving maps were incompetently made and misleading, perhaps deliberately so, with the result that no one really knew where the expeditions had been. In addition, there are archaeological values in the remains of refuges, together with contemporary artifacts, and shipwrecks of early 19th century sealing expeditions. He was clearly aware of the political implications of the relief expeditions, within and among nations. Such responses to polar expeditions will never replace rigorous, balanced, carefully argued non-fiction accounts; but they will continue to complement and complicate polar history. They also reflected on what had worked well, and what had not worked well, on previous expeditions. Two organisational types were derived from a study of 36 major polar expeditions. While they were not free agents, they simply had more freedom to create their expeditions. They had approximately 18 months for preparation, some of which was used to study previous expeditions. Because of limited resources, scientific expeditions were managed differently. No longer can the timehonored cry of "fishing expeditions" serve to preclude a party from inquiry into the facts underlying his opponent's case. A second opinion, however, strongly questioned the expedition's scientific value and the priority given to it. Notably, they inspired an important element in war literature: heroic memoirs, edifying tales from the trenches or from overseas expeditions. Each demands substantial effort and requires commitments to the expedition's plan. No attempt was made to evaluate the outcomes of the expeditions from which the factors originated. All decisions at sea and land were the expedition's. Combining the physical attributes and the dates of known expeditions to the archipelago, a date for the sledge of between 1871 and 1908 seems likely. The former seemed to have a variety of views of dogs and ponies while the latter learned much about how to maintain an expedition's health. Yearly voyages to the expedition's base also provided it with an opportunity to escape if need be. He was less reserved with his criticism of previous search expeditions, ten and twenty years previously, which, he considered, had not fully expended their resources. True to himself, he did nothing by halves, and overstretched himself physically, mentally and financially on his expeditions. Aircraft and tracked vehicles were being deployed more and more in support of major scientific expeditions in which he had no desire to participate. Of the participants in both expeditions, perhaps only three were likely to have possessed extensive experience with ski. The summer expeditions were carried out without any serious accidents. Offers to serve on forthcoming expeditions were numerous. In some cases, the newspaper would be published on the expedition's return, as a means of publicity, fund-raising, and memorialisation. Independent expeditions can also attract wide public attention via films, lectures, articles, books, and the media. When the expeditions ended and relief ships arrived, a rapid exodus frequently allowed only essential items to be taken north. Prior to 1898 there had been numerous exploring expeditions, sport-hunting expeditions, and scientific expeditions, especially during the two decades prior to 1898. Founders of convents and monasteries did the same and even led expeditions to steal relics from cemeteries or religious institutions. Independent expeditions, especially if they have experienced problems, often attract considerable press coverage and some of this is inevitably speculative. From a casual glance scientific organisations appear similar to naval expeditions; what differed, however, was how they carried out the work of exploration. Many of these are of the personnel of the expeditions and evoke an era that has now passed. The burning of villages during punitive expeditions was sometimes thought to have assumed 'dimensions disproportionate to the exigencies of the situation'. The lack of other documentation makes it impossible to say whether these expeditions represented exceptions or routine infractions. Both the geography and the want of its knowledge made the expeditions a costly failure. There is no evidence that younger sons joined the expeditions at a greater rate than heirs did. Such a commitment could span several generations and involve family members and fortunes beyond those of the few sons who joined the expeditions. There are some excellent potted biographies of many famous people and good summaries of important places and expeditions. Following the return of the expeditions, data were exchanged and synoptic charts plotted for meteorology and magnetism. Recent debate about stricter regulation of independent expeditions has been similarly confused. The challenge of preparations in most expeditions is how good the resources are and how well they are allocated in field. The plans of some explorers were presented as means of financing their expeditions. The activities of these five expeditions are outlined below. Polar history provides numerous examples of unsuccessful expeditions being an integral part of national histories. Thus, the relief expeditions were part of a competitive situation between countries. The key to the logistics was, as it would be on several expeditions in later years, free lifts on sealing and whaling vessels. The book includes five excellent new maps of the expedition's sphere of operations, and 35 well-chosen photographs. By that time the expedition's circumstances had changed significantly. Conversely, the wireless was a way of publicizing the newspaper even before the expedition's return. Most feature well-known names and expeditions, and sometimes gain considerable publicity, but accounts of unfamiliar men are also appearing. Opportunities for fieldwork expeditions were unsatisfactory. The thesis is that the search for tacit knowledge is a function of the expedition's organisational structure and the impact that structure had on its leader. While this appears reasonable, it should also be remembered that emergency assistance - the basis of many of the concerns - is only required by those expeditions which get into difficulties. There were no further expeditions until 1980. The camp is located strategically near one critical food resource and is the centre of different specialized strategies of resource procurement including logistical expeditions by task groups. The admiral was a highly decorated figure who had proved his effectiveness collaborating with top officials, not least of all regarding propaganda for his previous expeditions. One can only hope that this guide leads to rather more expeditions of discovery, a greater depth of informed enquiry than has been evident during the last decade. The combined chronological and geographical organisation is not easy to follow, and the amount of detail on individual sealing expeditions cries out for overviews to put them into perspective. The digitisation of related documents, information from personal journals and official reports from expeditions on which these photographs were taken, will provide the historical and cultural contexts for the images. However, he also overlooks the results of the expeditions, their discussions in scientific journals, and their impact in the further development of unveiling the unknown polar world. After a series of punitive expeditions had failed to suppress them, the government organised largescale operations in the early 1980s against the insurgencies in the eastern and northern territories. A series of expeditions was planned. He devotes several chapters to these expeditions but returns again and again to 'the hidden life' on the grounds that most of it went unreported in earlier biographies. The images were to be used to draw the attention of the general public to the expeditions, in order to popularise them and to encourage further financial support. He participated in at least 10 expeditions. However independent expeditions have also brought benefits. The paper now considers the implications of this situation for the particular case of independent expeditions, noting again that these have been distinguished from tourists, mainstream or adventure. What defined the modern scientific practice of paleontology was to create precise stratigraphic records following certain conventions and instructions as settled by those who commissioned the expeditions. Explorers were complex men to begin with, then dangerous and disorienting expeditions turned their lives upside down, and they returned without any coherent and confident vision of the world. The work is rounded off by six pages of glossary, a ninepage chronological listing of polar expeditions by region, well over 1000 selected references, and a 26-page index. The expeditions of 1947-1971 explored and mapped the island, and published reports on its topography, geology, glaciology, and biology, as well as on its meteorological and geophysical environments. Three expeditions were rapidly organised. The idea of a legacy is not to suggest that subsequent expeditions that did not follow the legacy were somehow less effective than those that did do so. During the first, which lasted from 1511 to 1514, there were two small expeditions and three major ones. He alone volunteered to travel on all six northern exploration expeditions over the next four years. Preparation is an exercise in calculation that begins with the statement of the expedition's goals and objectives and the translation of those into resource requirements. Other documents in the collection include two reports and some additional demographic statistics based on two expeditions made in 1933. The expeditions were undertaken in two distinct periods. Their success in no small part was due to their ability to control the environment surrounding the development and operations of their expeditions. Large independent expeditions, for example, may at times operate in a mode similar to adventure tourism but are distinguished from the latter by different motives. The actual concern often appears to be more financial and to involve the question: will anyone who assists these expeditions be compensated? Judgements of the methods employed will in any case very likely be affected by an expedition's success or failure. The 2003-04 season saw three much-publicized independent expeditions by aviators. An overview of recent independent expeditions is then given and issues are discussed. He had given his support to several polar expeditions, which led to further sponsorship by private merchants. The attempts of co-operation, as well as matters of conflict among the countries planning relief expeditions, expose overt manifestations of nationalism. Moral achievement, perilous danger, and individual action, rather than the specific details of an expedition's instructions or successes, were thrust to centre stage. Similarly, scientists will find information about the often extensive scientific reports of the early expeditions. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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